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ijhkluf ijhykg_gb_f wlh\hgqz b jZk- bf__l ij_^klZ\e_gb_ h kZ_glheh]bb beb bf__l ± k_b\Zlv bo imlzf jZkkfhlj_gby ^hklmi d ijhn_kkbhgZem : _keb gbq_]h wlh]h g_l ± _klv lhevdh `_eZgb_ klZlv mki_rg_c Gh lZdh_ \i_qZle_gb_ qlh mkljZg_gb_ \j_f_gb jZa- G_l fg_ dZ`_lky wlZ l_ogbdZ g_ ij_^gZagZq AZf_ldb h[ :M jZ[hlZgh dZd l_ogbdZ ^ey h[jZ[hldb kdhj__ ly`zeuo Z g_ ez]dbo bgpb^_glh\ >ey f_gy [hevrbgkl\h bgpb^_glh\ g_ ©ly`_euª lZd qlh y j_^dh ijbf_gyx l_ogbdb ^ey ijhoh`^_gby ly`zeuo bgpb^_glh\ ih^ dhlhjufb y ih^jZamf_\Zx \_sb lbiZ II b ^jm]b_ mijZ`g_gby dhlhju_ iha\heyxl \Zf ijh[blvky kd\hav lh qlh ^_ckl\bl_evgh ljm^gh dhgnjhglbjh\Zlv b g_evay jZkk_ylv ijhkluf ijhykg_gb_f ijbf_g_gb_f wlh\hgqz . 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Ihkl_i_ggh_ ih\ur_gb_ kihkh[ghklb d dhgnjhglm Ijb wlhf ^_ckl\bl_evgh `_kldmx kblmZpbx beb ijh[e_fm fh`gh “m^_j`b\Zlv” gZ jZkklhygbb dhgnjhglbjmy __ lhevdh qZklbqgh b ijb[eb`Zy ih f_j_ lh]h dZd hgZ kfy]qZ_lky 2. Ijb ijZ\bevghf aZimkd_ lj_lv_]h mjh\gy \u hq_gv [ukljh ^hklb]Z_l_ khklhygby dh]^Z bgpb^_glu jZajy`Zxlky ijhkluf jZkkfhlj_gb_f 3. P_ib b [hevrb_ fZkkb\u nZdkbfbe_ jZajy`Zxlky ijhklh ihlhdZfb ijbq_f ijhp_kk fh`_l b^lb \ g_kdhevdbo mjh\gyo h^gh\j_f_ggh 4. < ^Zevg_cr_f wlhc `_ h[jZ[hld_ fh]ml [ulv ih^\_j]gmlu iZd_lu km`^_gbc b ^Z`_ “ihl_jyggu_” lhqdb gZ[ex^_gby DZd ihdZaZeZ ijZdlbdZ lj_lbc mjh\_gv :M g_ hq_gv ih^oh^bl ^ey h[jZ[hldb h[t_dlh\ bf_xsbo [he__ q_f ljb baf_j_gby ± wlh emqr_ ^_eZlv ^jm]bfb ijhp_kkZfb GZklhysbc fhf_gl gZqZe bkdZ`Zlvky Fgh`_kl\h LZdb_ y\e_gby ihqlb \k_]^Z ijbkmlkl\mxl gZ baf_g_gbc \ ]em[bg_ \hkijbylby b gZkus_gghklb gZqZevghf wlZi_ lj_lv_]h mjh\gy ijb oZelmjp\_lh\ \j_fy hl \j_f_gb ^\hbehkv bah[jZ`_gb_ ghf aZimkd_ wlh]h mjh\gy ;u\Z_l b om`_ ± ij_^f_lh\ \ dhfgZl_ Hq_gv kljZggu_ \_sb \iehlv ^h \j_f_gghc ihl_jb aj_gby \ ij_^_eZo Ihlhf wlb y\e_gby g_fgh]h ihmlboeb gh g_ bkq_aeb qZkZ b ^jm]bo \hkijbylbc Wlb `_ wnn_dlu kh\k_f b wlZ qzjlh\Z kibjZev ijhklh kb^_eZ l\zj- qZkl_gvdh \hagbdZxl b gZ \lhjhf mjh\g_ ± fZeh ^Zy dZd kdZeZ ijbylgu_ hsms_gby gh h[t_dlb\gu_ ijhp_kku k gbfb e_]dh kijZ\eyxlky GZdhg_p y gZqZe l_jylv l_ji_gb_ m^_j`b\Zy \gbfZ- <_jgh_ j_r_gb_ < ijhp_kkbg]_ lZd b ^_eZ_lky gb_ b gZ kibjZeb b \ gZklhys_f fhf_gl_ y gZqZe >ey wlh]h kms_kl\m_l ^hklZlhqgh fgh]h jZaebqhlf_qZlv gZ kibjZeb lhqdb ijhklhc h[t_dlb\guc guo ^hihegbl_evguo ijb_fh\ ijhp_kk >_eh k^\bgmehkv b \g_aZigh y hdZaZeky \ khklhygbb _z ijhykgblv ijbf_gblv wlh\hgqz b hkhagZe qlh hgZ bkdjb\ey_lky \ q_l\zjlhf baf_j_gbb b kem`bl kj_^kl\hf ljZgkihjlbjh\db f_`^m ^\mfy jZaebqgufb ljzof_jgufb ieZgZfb K wlbf \ky kibjZev jZkl\hjbeZkv bkdZ`_gby ijhiZeb b y ihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[y hq_gv ohjhrh AZf_ldb h[ :M Hlkx^Z y k^_eZe \u\h^ qlh fg_ ihlj_[h\Zehkv mkbeblv ebgbx ijhykg_gby wlh\hgqz qlh[u wlZ f_lh^bdZ gZqZeZ ohjhrh jZ[hlZlv gZ ly`zehc dZjlbgd_ LZd qlh wlh ^_eZ_l ^Zgguc ijhp_kk g_ kebrdhf ihe_aguf _keb lhevdh \u _]h g_fgh]h g_ memqrbl_ beb g_ [m^_l_ bgklbgdlb\gh h[gZjm`b\Zlv b ijhykgylv wlh\hgqz jZaebqgu_ ih^jh[ghklb lh]h qlh \u h[jZ[Zlu\Z_l_ Gh l_f g_ f_g__ wlh ohjhrbc ijbzf >Z ^_ckl\bl_evgh Ebgbx ijhykg_gby ijboh^blky mkbeb\Zlv B [hevrbgkl\m ex^_c ijhoh^b\rbo wlm f_lh^bdm ijboh^behkv wlh ^_eZlv gZ ^hklZlhqgh jZggbo wlZiZo Ohqm ^h[Z\blv ± h[uqgh_ ^_eh dh]^Z ijbf_g_gb_ p_e_\h]h beb ki_pbZevgh]h ijhp_kkZ ^Z_l g_dhlhjuc \ub]jur ih kjZ\g_gbx k l_ogbdhc ijb\_^_gby \ GF gh \ p_ehf hgZ ijb ijZ\bevghf bkihevah\Zgbb fgh]h wnn_dlb\g__ ^jm]bo ba\_klguo fg_ Ijb wlhf mqlbl_ ± ihqlb \k_ ^_eZ_lky kheh G?FGH=HHKEH@GHKLYOLJ?LV?=HMJH<GY Lj_lbc mjh\_gv lj_[m_l hq_gv lsZl_evghc ih^]hlh\db dhlhjmx “q_eh\_dm k mebpu” kZfhklhyl_evgh hkms_kl\blv ^hklZlhqgh ljm^gh 2. Wnn_dlb\ghklv lj_lv_]h mjh\gy hij_^_ey_lky lsZl_evghklvx ih^]hlh\db b ]em[bghc ihgbfZgby aZ^_ckl\h\Zgguo ijhp_kkmZevguo f_oZgbafh\ b ij_ke_^m_fuo p_e_c 3. Q_eh\_d g_ agZdhfuc k kZ_glheh]b_c ijZdlbq_kdb gbq_]h lhedh\h]h ij_^ijbgylv kZf ^ey aZimkdZ mjh\g_c g_ fh`_l 4. >Z`_ ex^b agZdhfu_ k jZaebqgufb kZ_glheh]bq_kdbfb f_lh^bdZfb ^hklZlhqgh qZklh hdZau\Zxlky _keb g_ \ h[\Ze_ lh \ aZf_rZl_evkl\_ ih ih\h^m ³ijhp_kkbg] b^_l ih bgkljmdpbb Z \ `bagb gbq_]h g_ f_gy_lky´ WlZ kblmZpby \hagbdZ_l h[uqgh baaZ lh]h qlh jZajy`Zy bgpb^_glu b mkljZgyy nZdkbfbe_ bg^b\b^ kh\_jr_ggh g_ m^_ey_l \gbfZgby h[jZ[hld_ km`^_gbc ² Ijbrehkv jZajZ[hlZlv ki_pbZevgmx “aZqbsZxsmx” f_lh^bdm ^ey h[jZ[hldb km`^_gbc dhlhjZy dklZlb hdZaZeZkv \ukhdhwnn_dlb\guf bgkljmf_glhf kihkh[guf \ kqblZggu_ qZku gZ hkgh\_ l_ogbdb ijb\_^_gby \ GF j_Zgbfbjh\Zlv ijhb]jZggu_ jheb b iZd_lu p_e_c `bl_ckdh]h mjh\gy Iha`_ wlm f_lh^bdm klZeb ijbf_gylv ^ey h[jZ[hldb \udexq_gby ^bgZfbd 5. Bg^b\b^ gZoh^ysbcky \ fhsghf qm`hf \_ceZgk_ dZd ijZ\beh gZ lj_lv_f mjh\g_ aZoh^bl \ lmibd b _fm lj_[m_lky ijhn_kkbhgZevgZy ihfhsv \ jZa[ehdbjh\Zgbb ijhp_kkbg]Z 6. Bgh]^Z \klj_qZ_lky kblmZpby dh]^Z kheh ijhp_kkbg] \f_klh ih\ur_gby [ulbcghc mki_rghklb ih\_j]Z_l bg^b\b^Z \ ]em[hqZcrmx ZiZlbx Wlh k\yaZgh k g_iheguf dhgnjhglhf ih^gbfZxs_]hky fZl_jbZeZ b]ghjbjh\Zgb_f h[jZ[hldb km`^_gbc b b]ghjbjh\Zgb_f h[t_dlb\guo ijhp_kkh\ b ijhp_kkh\ \hkklZgZ\eb\Zxsbo h[eZ^Zgb_ LZdh_ \i_qZle_gb_ qlh _klv dZl_]hjby ex^_c ij_^jZkiheh`_gguo d ihiZ^Zgbx \ lZdmx kblmZpbx; fh`_l wlh kdjulu_ ikbohlbdb? Ih djZcg_c f_j_ _klv hij_^_e_ggu_ ijbagZdb ijbkmsb_ wlbf ex^yf dhlhju_ iha\heyxl ijh]ghabjh\Zlv wlm kblmZpbx 7. ?s_ h^gZ keh`ghklv \hagbdZxsZy ijb ijhoh`^_gbb :M khklhbl \ lhf qlh bg^b\b^ ^hklZlhqgh ^he]h gm`^Z_lky \ ih^^_j`d_ ijhn_kkbhgZeZ ^ey ijhykg_gby jZaebqguo i_j_dhkh\ \hagbdZxsbo \ ijhp_kkbg]_ b lhq_d gZ[ex^_gby gZ dhlhju_ _]h i_jbh^bq_kdb kghkbl Wlh ijh^he`Z_lky ^h l_o ihj ihdZ bg^b\b^ g_ hk\hblky kh \k_f [h]Zluf ijhp_kkmZevguf bgkljmf_glZjb_f b g_ gZmqblky k\h[h^gh hi_jbjh\Zlv lhqdZfb gZ[ex^_gby \ GF ijhba\hevgh f_gyy bo ^ey emqr_]h jZkkfhlj_gby \hagbdrbo aZljm^g_gbc 1. AZf_ldb h[ :M Lj_lbcmjh\_gvkqblZ_lkyaZims_ggufdh]^Zbg^b\b^: K\h[h^gh dhgnjhglbjm_l ex[u_ bgpb^_glu k ^hklmighc qZklb ljZdZ b ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb fh`_l k\h[h^gh kh\_jrZlv fZg_\ju hkms_kl\eyy ihwlZigh_ dhgnjhglbjh\Zgb_; 2. Fh`_l k\h[h^gh h[gZjm`b\Zlv lhqdb gZ[ex^_gby aZgbfZlv bo hkms_kl\eylv dhgnjhgl bgpb^_glh\ k jZaebqguo lhq_d gZ[ex^_gby ijhykgylv kZfb lhqdb gZ[ex^_gby 3. <eZ^__l l_ogbdZfb mkbe_gby ebgbc ijhykg_gby 4. <eZ^__l [h]Zluf Zjk_gZehf klZ[bebabjmxsbo b \hkklZgZ\eb\Zxsbo ijhp_kkh\; 5. K\h[h^gh [_a wf_ljZ h[gZjm`b\Z_l b mkljZgy_l km`^_gby b jZaebqgu_ kh]eZkby; 6. E_]dh h[gZjm`b\Z_l gZqZeh p_i_c ih^h[guo bgpb^_glh\ b kihkh[_g ijb\h^blv bo \ gZklhysbc fhf_gl; 7. E_]dh h[gZjm`b\Z_l fhf_glu \oh`^_gby \ jZaebqgu_ b]ju fhf_glu \ub]jur_c b ijhb]jur_c b kihkh[_g jZajy^blv bo ex[uf ba ba\_klguo _fm kihkh[h\ 8. K\h[h^gh h[gZjm`b\Z_l fhf_gl ijbgylby b ijhb]jurZ jheb b kihkh[_g j_Zgbfbjh\Zlv __ 9. <eZ^__l l_ogbdhc jZ[hlu k q_lujvfy ijbqbgyxsbfb ihlhdZfb b lj_fy ^hihegbl_evgufb 10. <eZ^__l l_ogbdhc h[jZ[hldb mkbebc b fZkk 11. K\h[h^gh hjb_glbjm_lky \ wfhpbhgZevguo lhgZo 12. <eZ^__l l_ogbdhc h[jZ[hldb ihke_^h\Zl_evghkl_c fhlb\Zlhj ² ijhklmihd ² khdjulb_ 13. <eZ^__l f_lh^bdhc ijhykg_gby keh\ l_jfbgh\ b kbf\heh\ fh`_l nhjfbjh\Zlv dhgp_ipbb b hi_jbjh\Zlv bfb <k_ \ur_ i_j_qbke_ggh_ bkihevam_lky kh\_jr_ggh kZfhklhyl_evgh b \ dhfie_dk_ ² wlh kh[kl\_ggh b _klv lh qlh khklZ\ey_l l_ogbdm ijb\_^_gby \ GF beb mkljZg_gb_ \j_f_gb Wlh fbgbfZevguc gZ[hj 1. 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Fg_ g_ m^Zehkv h[gZjm`blv bfieZglZ beb \kljh_ggh]h rZ[ehgZ DZd fg_ dZ`_lky p_ev “AgZlv” _^bgkl\_ggZ b bagZqZevgZ Z PIFu y\eyxlky __ ijhba\h^gufb KZf rZ[ehg i_j_oh^Z ih hihjZf \iheg_ fh] h[jZah\Zlvky _kl_kl\_gguf h[jZahf Gh fh`_l [ulv qlh hg [ue aZeh`_g \ “Qj_\_” beb \ “;jbeebZgl_ agZgby” ?klv _s_ ij_^iheh`_gb_ qlh wlhl rZ[ehg [ue ijb\g_k_g ihke_ beb \h \j_fy “DZlZkljhnu” <hh[s_ “DZlZkljhnZ” lj_[m_l ijhykg_gby lZf fgh]h g_ykghkl_c b _klv ih^haj_gb_ qlh hgZ [ueZ kijh\hpbjh\ZgZ \f_rZl_evkl\hf ba\g_ Ih ih\h^m ijbf_g_gby rZ[ehgZ ^ey h[jZ[hldb ieZl_gh\ fh]m kdZaZlv ke_^mxs__: Klb\_gk \ k\h_c f_lh^bd_ gb]^_ ^Z`_ g_ mihfbgZ_l bfieZglu B ^_ckl\bl_evgh ijb ijZ\bevghf bkihevah\Zgbb f_lh^bdb bfieZglu jZajy`Zxlky dZd h[uqgu_ ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb DED – fhlb\Zlhj ± ijhklmihd ± khdjulb_ b gbdZdbo ijh[e_f g_ kha^Zxl DZd bkke_^h\Zl_evkdbc bgkljmf_gl wlhl rZ[ehg ^_ckl\bl_evgh kfy]qZ_l aZjy^u \ bfieZglZo ?keb `_ wlhl fZl_jbZe \kz `_ hlghkblky d dZdhclh DZd y ]h\hjbe jZg__ ijZ\bevgh_ hk\h_gb_ mjh\ih^ebgghc 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kh\_jr_ggZ b __ g_evay qlh[u ^hklbqv emqr_]h ijhykg_gby wlh\hgqz . memqrblv <hafh`gh \Zf gm`gh ijhklh hibkZlv qlh \u fh]eb [u k^_eZlv qlh[u m \Zk aZkljye lZdhclh ihklmeZl beb dZdb_ ijhklmidb \u fh]eb [u kh\_jrblv dh]^Z _]h ijhba\h^beb Beb ihiulZlvky ^Zlbjh\Zlv hij_^_eblv f_klhiheh`_gb_ dh]^Z ]^_ \u `beb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k wlbf imgdlhf ?keb dlhlh ihemqZ_l hl wlh]h ihevam y kdZ`m ² gZ Kh\_jr_ggh \_jgh a^hjh\v_ ijh^he`Zcl_ wlbf aZgbfZlvky b ih`ZemcklZ hibrbl_ lh qlh h[gZjm`bl_ Gh _keb ^_eh g_ b^zl b g_l j_amevlZlh\ lh g_ mihjkl\mcl_ b g_ iulZcl_kv aZklZ\blv wlm f_lh^bdm jZ[hlZlv kbehc i AZf_ldb h[ :M kdhevdm hgZ fh`_l hdZaZlvky ^Ze_dh hl lh]h qlh \Zf k_cqZk ^_ckl\bl_evgh gm`gh < ^Zgguc fhf_gl y iheZ]Zx qlh fu mkljhbeb ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv ih^ebgguo PIF ^ey dZ`^hc \k_e_gghc hgZ ijh^he`Z_l jZ[hlZlv b fu g_ [jhkZ_f _z dh]^Z i_j_oh^bf \h \k_e_ggmx [he__ gbadh]h mjh\gy Z gZqbgZ_f gh\mx ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv lZd qlh bo fgh]h jZ[hlZ_l h^gh\j_f_ggh B dZ`^mx ba gbo fh`gh ijhke_^blv ih ihjy^dm Wlh kihkh[ hlebqblv ih^ebggmx ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv hl bfieZglbjh\Zgghc \u g_ ijh`b\Z_l_ bfieZglu ih ihjy^dm Z ^jZfZlbabjm_l_ jZaebqgu_ bo qZklb dh]^Z l_ \oh^yl \ j_klbfmeypbx Gh h^gZ ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv ih^ebgguo PIF fh`_l h[tykgblv \Zr \u[hj ijhn_kkbb ^jm]Zy \Zrm ex[h\gmx `bagv Z _sz h^gZ ² \Zr \dmk \ dbghnbevfZo ?keb Z\lhj ijZ\ ^Z\Zy klhev ijhklhc rZ[ehg lh wlZ ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv ² i_j_`blhd dZdhclh hq_gv jZgg_c \k_e_gghc ihkdhevdm ih f_j_ lh]h dZd fu i_j_oh^beb ba h^ghc \k_e_gghc \ ^jm]mx rZ[ehgu klZgh\bebkv \kz [he__ keh`gufb DZ`_lky qlh m g_]h _klv dmkdb ba [hevr_]h gZ[hjZ p_e_c Ihkdhevdm f_lh^bdZ iha\hey_l h[gZjm`blv _sz dZdb_lh p_eb lh \u \_jhylgh h[gZjm`bl_ dZdb_ [ueb m \Zk ?]h gZ[hj p_e_c ijb[eb`Z_lky d rdZe_ hl AgZgby ^h LZcgu b hg mihfbgZ_l ih^f_gm bg\_jkbx dZd ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjh_ kh\_jrZ_lky ijb ^\b`_gbb \gba ih gbkoh^ys_c kibjZeb qlh khhl\_lkl\m_l h[s_c l_hjbb wlhc rdZeu <_kvfZ \hafh`gh qlh rdZeZ hl AgZgby ^h LZcgu [_jzl gZqZeh \ ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb ih^ebgguo PIF b bf_ggh lZdh\h _z 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Kh\_jr_ggh g_ ijhykg_gh ijhbkoh`^_gb_ i_j\uo r_klb ^bgZfbd \ lhf \b^_ dZd fu bo agZ_f a^_kv LZdh_ \i_qZle_gb_ qlh hgb kha^Zgu bkdmkkl\_ggh b bfieZglbjh\Zgu gh ijb wlhf g_ hq_gv ihgylgh dZd d_f b aZq_f wlh [ueh k^_eZgh 2. Hq_gv iehoh ijhykg_gZ ³DZlZkljhnZ´ 3. Kh\_jr_ggh g_ ijhykg_gZ h[eZklv ³Khdjh\_ggh]h agZgby´ b ³Qj_\Z´ 4. G_ ykgh y\eyxlky eb Zy b Zy ^bgZfbdb hl^_evgufb beb wlh h^gZ ^bgZfbdZ ijZ\^Z gZ ijhp_kkbg]_ wlh gbdZd g_ kdZau\Z_lky 5. G_ m^Zehkv lhqgh mklZgh\blv gZagZq_gb_ b dhebq_kl\h [ehdbjmxsbo wdjZgh\ \hdjm] kheg_qghc kbkl_fu b \k_c gZr_c ]ZeZdlbdb 6. G_ ykgh ih dZdhc ijbqbg_ ijZdlbq_kdb \k_ [ebae_`Zsb_ bfieZglu k^_eZgu lZd oZelmjgh 7. G_ m^Zehkv ^hklh\_jgh ijhykgblv ijhbkoh`^_gb_ b nmgdpbb ³q_jguo l_lZgh\´ g_ imlZlv k q_jguf ihe_f 8. Lj_[m_lky ijhykg_gb_ pbdeZ “Kf_jlv” ± ³Ijh\Ze´ ± “Jh`^_gb_” Ihoh`_ qlh wlh h^bg ba dexq_\uo fhf_glh\ hkh[_ggh “Ijh\Ze” A^_kv dZd fg_ dZ`_lky ke_^m_l h[jZlblvky d [m^^bklkdbf b bg^mbklkdbf bklhqgbdZf 9. Hq_gv iehoh_ ij_^klZ\e_gb_ h “;hehl_” (“<k_e_ggZy ]jyab” ih Ibehlm 10. G_ ihgylgh qlh ijhbkoh^bl gZ mjh\gyo gb`_ ± ih rdZe_ wfhpbc OZ[[Zj^Z 11. Y\gh lj_[m_lky ijhykgylv “\aZbfhhlghr_gby” l_lZgZ k l_ehf KZ_glheh]bq_kdbc ih^oh^ kh\_jr_ggh g_m^h\e_l\hjbl_e_g ?klv _s_ fgh`_kl\h g_ykghkl_c gh wlh lh qlh gZ fhc \a]ey^ lj_[m_l i_j\_cr_]h ijhykg_gby AZf_ldb h[ :M <f_rZl_evkl\h ? ² DZlZkljhnZ :ihdZebikbk ² Dhjj_dpby IJH;E?FU ? [10]<j_fy ;Zgd FWI [8] <eZ^_gb_ Dhgp_ipbb Mkbeby AgZx h[« Km`^_gby NZdkbfbe_ Kh[kl\_gghklv Kha^Z_l ± KhojZgy_l ± JZajmrZ_l G_ ihgbfZ_l ;hev AZ[u\Z_l JZajmrZ_l JZajmrZ_l :fg_aby MljZqb\Z_l MljZqb\Z_l MljZqb\Z_l :\lhfZlbaf Dhglmju G_ hkhagZ_l JZajmrZ_l G_ hkhagZ_l :fhjZe_g G_ hkhagZ_l Kem`_gb_ ³l_fguf kbeZf´ Fbklbpbaf G_ hkhagZ_l =ZeexpbgZpbb MljZqb\Z_l MljZqb\Z_l G_ hkhagZ_l <u`b\Zgb_ Bf__l <u`b\Zgb_ b [ulb_ >_yl_evghklv ;ulb_ >_ckl\b_ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 GZ[ex^_gb_ [³Q_jgu_ Zg]_eu l_lZgu ´ ± \oh`^_gby ih ^jm]bf bklhqgbdZf ] ??? Beexabb G_ agZx GZ\yaqb\u_ b]ju [7] AgZx Wfhpbb [6] FZgbimeylhj Hihju [5] MijZ\e_gb_ [4] Eh]bdZ JZkq_lu DjZkhlZ FhjZev MljZqb\Z_l MljZqb\Z_l JZajmrZ_l JZajmrZ_l G_ agZ_l KljZ^Zgb_ MljZqb\Z_l ;_amfb_ JZamf [3], [9] H[mq_gb_ Kljhbl_evkl\h JZaghh[jZab_ J_Zevghklv >\b`_gb_ Wkl_lbdZ 14 K_dk k_fvy ^_lb >bgZfbdb G_ hkhagZ_l MljZqb\Z_l MljZqb\Z_l MfbjZ_l 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 :glZ]hgbaf <jZ`^Z ;hev =g_\ G_]h^h\Zgb_ KljZo Ljmkhklv Kfbj_gb_ Klu^ =hj_ @_jl\Z MljZqb\Z_l JZajmrZ_l JZajmrZ_l Dhgnebdl 2.8 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.8. 1.5 1.3 <hh^mr_\e_gb_ Wkl_lbaf Fm`_kl\h ;h^jhklv <_k_ev_ Bgl_j_k Dhgk_j\Zlbaf >h\hevguc KdmdZ L_eh MEST 9.0 8.0 5.0 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.0 <hklhj] WglmabZaf WlbdZ 12 Bfihjl >jm]b_ nhjfu `bagb >_ckl\b_ kfhljx L\hjq_kl\h =jmiiu GZmq_gb_ 20 16 Q_eh\_q_kl\h (LjZgkn_ju b bfieZglu [11]) JZ^hklgh_ gZkljh_gb_ Q_klv IeZg_lZ A?FEY GZrZ ]ZeZdlbdZ Qj_\h - 3D) 22 BfieZglu [1], [2], [12] >moh\gu_ kmsghklb H[eZklv i_j_oh^Z Kem`_gb_ \ukrbf kbeZf BfieZglu [13] ?? ?? ?? 40 32 28 24 BfieZglu <k_e_ggZy b]j BfieZglu <k_e_ggZy ^_ckl\by BfieZglu <k_e_ggZy kbf\heh\ BfieZglu <k_e_ggZy fukeb <k_e_ggZy dhgnebdlh\ [6D?] BfieZglu J_eb]bb <k_e_ggZy fZ]bb [5D?] <k_e_ggZy kbeu [4D] WdjZgu H`b^Zgb_ P_eb H[eZ^Zgb_ ;Zabk IjZ\hlZ IhklmeZlu Khdjh\_ggh_ agZgb_´ ² ihklZgh\dZ IJH;E?FU [;ulv ba\_klguf@ Khab^Zgb_ jZaghh[jZab_ l\hj_gbc >m[ebjh\Zgb_ ² IhgbfZgb_ IjhkljZgkl\Z \hcgu aZ ijZ\hlm J_ahgZgk ² KbfiZlby ² B]ju Kh]eZr_gby mklZgh\e_gb_ ijZ\be H[f_g ² H[s_gb_ Kh[kl\_ggu_ \k_e_ggu_ aZlygm\rb_ky b]ju ³ IZfylv KlZjrb_ pb\bebaZpbb Lmibd Lmibd “Qj_\h” — IJH;E?F: “G:CLB <UOH>” ba gbkoh^ys_c kibjZeb b]j [G:CLB J?R?GB? ± AG:LV] ? ? ? 12 13 14 15 16 17 ? AZf_ldb h[ :M >bgZfbdb 0.05 :iZlby 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 MLJ:LBE Kf_jlv l_eZ Ijh\Ze Q_jghlZ k\_l dhjb^hj b li -0.1 @Zehklv KZfh\hevguc aZo\Zl l_eZ ;ulb_ ^jm]bfb l_eZfb (ljZgkn_j beb kZfh\hevgh -0.2 <k_e_ggZy bfieZglh\ ³G_[_kZ´ -0.7 Ih^hlq_l³;hehlh´ ³:^´ ³JZc´ guc ³Qbklbebs_´ klZgpbb i_j_bf-1.0 H[\bg_gb_ ieZglZpbb b li -1.3 JZkdZygb_ H[eZklv i_j_oh^Z BfieZglu MljZlbe -3.0 >mfZx “;HEHLH” MljZlbe -4.0 Kbf\heu <k_e_ggZy ]jyab MljZlbe -5.0 IbsZ MljZlbe -6.0 K_dk MljZlbe -8.0 LZcgZ -10.0 ;ulb_ h[t_dlZfb dm[bdb ev^Z eh\mrdb fZrbgu b li H`b^Zgb_ -20.0 ;_kkhagZl_evghklv ;ulb_ gbq_f -30.0 Gbq_]h g_ fh`_l kdjulv We_dljhggh_ kdZgbjh\Zgb_ b i_j_bfieZglZpby 18 ? 0.0 -0.01 >bgZfbdb \ZjbZgl 1 2 3 4 5 G_[_kZ´ Kl_gZ h]gy´ >@ ± BfieZglu deZkkZ ³Wlh agZqbl´ >@ ± Pbde mijZ\e_gby >@ ± LZ[ebpZ ijhb]jur_c ihklmebjh\Zgby >@ ± RdZeZ wfhpbc >@ ± ³ >@ ± ³ B]ju deZkkZ ³<u`b\_l _^bgkl\_gguc´ gZ hkgh\_ kem`_[guo jhe_c´ 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ?? Iheguc ijh\Ze G_[ulb_ <k_ _s_ fh`_l \kihfgblv Ijh^he`Z_lky MEST -40.0 ? ?? 17 FZkkZ Wg_j]by IjhkljZgkl\h RdZeZ jZamfghklb >@ ± RdZeZ jZkljZqb\Zgby h[eZ^Zgby >@ ± ³=_g_lbq_kdbc´ bfieZgl [12] – I_j_bfieZglZpby Kf mjh\_gv ± >@ ± >h dZlZkljhnu ³Kh[kl\_ggu_ \k_e_ggu_´ ³<k_e_ggZy b]j´ kms_kl\h\Zeb iZjZee_evgh >@ ± > @ ± >@ ± ³ >bgZfbdb: 1. 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