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and less of what is detrimental. "More food less disease" "More beautiful
buildings, less hovels" "More leisure less work" "More activity less
unemployment" are typical of valuable and acceptable programmes.
But only to have a programme is to have only a dream. In companies, in
political parties, useful programmes are very numerous. They suffer only
from a lack of execution.
All sorts of variations of programme failure occur. The programme is too
big. It is not generally considered desirable. It is not needed at all. It
would benefit only a few. Such are surface reasons. The basic reason is
lack of organization know-how.
Any programme, too ambitious, partially acceptable, needed or not needed
could be put into effect if properly organized.
The five year plans of some nations which are currently in vogue are
almost all very valuable and almost all fall short of their objectives. The
reason is not that they are unreal, too ambitious or generally
unacceptable. The reason for any such failure is lack of organization.
It is not man's dreams that fail him. It is the lack of know-how
required to bring those dreams into actuality.
Good administration has two distinct targets
1. To perpetuate an existing company, culture, or society.
2. To make planning become actuality.
Given a base on which to operate, which is to say land, people,
equipment and a culture, one needs a good administrative pattern of some
sort just to maintain it.
Thus I and 2 above become 2 only. The plan is "to continue the existing
entity". No company or country continues unless one continues to put it
there. Thus an administrative system of some sort, no matter how crude, is
necessary to perpetuate any group or any subdivision of a group. Even a
king or headman or manager who has no other supporting system to whom one
can bring disputes about land or water or pay is an administrative system.
The foreman of a labour gang that only loads trucks has an astonishingly
complex administrative system at work.
Companies and countries do not work just because they are there or
because they are traditional. They are continuously put there by one or
another form of administration.
When a whole system of admin moves out or gets lost or forgotten,
collapse occurs unless a new or substitute system is at once moved into
place.
Changing the head of a department, much less a general manager and much,
much less a ruler, can destroy a portion or the whole since the old system,
unknown, disregarded or forgotten, may cease and no new system which is
understood is put in its place. Frequent transfers within a company or
country can keep the entire group small, disordered and confused, since
such transfers destroy what little administration there might have been.
Thus, if administrative shifts or errors or lack can collapse any type
of group, it is vital to know the basic subject of organization.
Even if the group is at effect-which is to say originates nothing but
only defends in the face of threatened disaster, it still must plan. And if
it plans, somehow it must get the plan executed or done. Even a simple
situation of an attacked fortress has to be